Sidee cunnada ketogenic u caawin kartaa daawaynta calaamadaha xanuunka waswaaska ah (OCD)?

Cuntooyinka ketogenic waxay awoodaan inay beddelaan ugu yaraan afar ka mid ah cudurrada aan ku aragno dadka qaba xanuunka waswaaska ah (OCD).). Cuduradaan waxaa ka mid ah gulukooska hypometabolism, dheellitir la'aanta neurotransmitter, caabuqa, iyo walbahaarka oksida. Cunto ketogenic ah waa daaweyn cunto oo awood leh oo la muujiyay inay si toos ah u saameynayso afartan hab ee hoose ee loo aqoonsaday inay ku lug leeyihiin xanuunka waswaaska ah (OCD).) calaamadaha.

Hordhac

In boostada blog, waxaan ahay ma si loo qeexo calaamadaha ama heerka baahsanaanta OCD. Boostada looguma talagalin inay noqoto mid lagu baaro ama waxbarasho habkaas ah. Marka laga reebo in la yiraahdo OCD waxay aad ula xiriirtaa xanuunada kale sida Jirka Dysmorphic Disorder, Trichotillomania, Hoarding, iyo Xanuunka Diidmada (oo loo yaqaan Maqaarka Maqaarka). Haddii aad la ildaran tahay mid ka mid ah kuwa leh ama aan lahayn ogaanshaha rasmiga ah ee OCD, waxa kale oo aad ka faa'iidaysan kartaa akhrinta boostada blog. Haddii aad heshay bartan blog-ka ah, waad garanaysaa waxa OCD yahay waxaana laga yaabaa in adiga ama qof aad jeceshahay uu horeba u xanuunsado.

Haddii aad heshay bartan blog-ka ah, waxaad raadinaysaa doorashooyin daweyn. Waxaad isku deyeysaa inaad hesho habab aad ku dareento fiicnaan oo aad ku bogsato.

Dhamaadka bartan blog-ka, waxaad awoodi doontaa inaad fahamto qaar ka mid ah hababka asaasiga ah ee khaldan ee maskaxda dadka qaba OCD iyo sida cuntada ketogenic u daaweyn karto mid kasta oo iyaga ka mid ah.

Waxaad iman doontaa adigoo arkaya cunto ketogenic ah sida daawaynta suurtogalka ah ee calaamadahaaga OCD ama qaab dhammaystiran oo loo isticmaalo teraabiyada cilminafsiga iyo/ama beddelka daawooyinka.

Cilmi-nafsiga cilmi-nafsiga ee hadda jira waxay isticmaashaa dib-u-soo-celinta serotonin inhibitors (SSRIs), badanaa (iyo rajada) daaweynta garashada-dabeecadda (CBT) si loo daaweeyo OCD.

Waxaan si fudud u eegi karnaa waxyeelada ay leedahay mid ka mid ah daawooyinkan. Calaamadaha OCD ee leh iyo la'aanteed teraabiyada cilminafsiga waxay dadka qaarkood u noqon karaan kuwo aad u daciifa oo daba-dheeraada, taas oo saameynaha soo noqnoqda ay u ekaan karaan qiimo yar oo lagu bixinayo hagaajinta shaqada. Lataliyaha caafimaadka dhimirka ahaan, aad ayaan ugu eexanayaa isticmaalka daawaynta garaadka-dabeecada (CBT) iyo xirfadaha miyir-qabka sida daawaynta OCD, anigoo arkaya hagaajinta bukaanada qaba borotokoolka dawooyinka ama la'aanta. Laakiin bukaanada qaar, daawaynta iyo teraabiyada cilminafsiga kuma filna inay hagaajiyaan calaamadaha. Iyo qaar ka mid ah bukaannadayda si fudud uma roonaadaan daawooyinka hadda ama uma dulqaadanayaan waxyeellooyinka daawooyinka. Keligoodna maaha.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, in ka badan kala badh dhammaan bukaannada qaba OCD ma helaan cafis daawaynta hadda jirta, taas oo soo jeedinaysa suurtogalnimada la taaban karo ee cusub ee cilmi-nafsiga ee cilmi-nafsiga ee xanuunka. 

Szechtman, H., Harvey, BH, Woody, EZ, & Hoffman, KL (2020).  https://doi.org/10.1124/pr.119.017772

Sababtoo ah in ka badan kala badh dadka aan isku dayno inaan ku daweyno daawada ma soo rayn, waa xaqeena iyo masuuliyadeena inaan eegno meel ka baxsan heerka daryeelka kuwa qaba OCD. In la waydiiyo dadka dhibaataysan inay sugaan ilaa cilmu-nafsiga cilminafsiyeedka uu qabto oo uu bixiyo daaweyn wax ku ool ah waa bini'aadantinimada ka baxsan. Gaar ahaan marka ay jiraan waxqabadyo kale oo caddayn kara faa'iido u leh xanuunkan dhimirka.

Haddaba waxa aynu eegi doonaa suugaanta si aynu wax uga ogaano qaar ka mid ah hababka loo yaqaan pathology-ga ee aynu ku soo aragnay dadka qaba xanuunka waswaaska ah (OCD). Waxaan ka wada hadli doonaa sida cuntada ketogenic ay u noqon karto daaweyn loogu talagalay hababka hoose ee laga helo soo bandhigidda calaamadaha OCD.

Waa maxay isbeddelada neerfaha ee lagu arkay dadka qaba OCD?

A hore post ayaa si faahfaahsan u faahfaahiyay sida cuntada ketogenic wax uga beddeli karto calaamadaha walaaca iyadoo saameynaysa afar meelood oo pathology ah oo lagu arkay xanuunadan.

• Glucose Hypometabolism
• Isku dheelitir la'aanta Neerfaha
• caabuq
• Cadaadiska Oxidative.

OCD waxaan ku aragnaa cuduradan la midka ah ee dhacaya. Waxaa jira meelo maskaxda ka mid ah oo leh hypometabolism (aan si habboon u isticmaalin tamar), dheellitirnaan la'aanta neurotransmitter ee kala duwan oo saameeya niyadda iyo garashada, iyo bararka. Xitaa waxaa jira qayb ka mid ah walbahaarka oksaydhiyeyaasha ee ku jira maskaxda xanuunka waswaaska ah (OCD), taasoo ka sii daraysa calaamadaha. Aan dib u eegno mid kasta oo kuwaas ka mid ah. Oo ka fiirso sida cuntada ketogenic u habayso kuwan oo dhan oo laga yaabo inay si wanaagsan u wanaajiso calaamadaha.

OCD iyo Hypometabolism Maskaxda

Isbeddellada dhaqdhaqaaqa gulukooska ayaa lagu diiwaangeliyay gudaha Kortex orbitofrontal (OFC) iyo caudate nucleus waxayna la xidhiidhi kartaa jiritaanka iyo la'aanta xanuunka waswaaska ah (OCD) ee calaamadaha ku salaysan natiijooyinka. Daraasadaha neerfaha ee la adeegsanayo PET, SPECT, iyo fMRI waxay ogaadeen in dhaqdhaqaaq aan caadi ahayn oo sarreeya ay ka dhacaan kiliyaha hore ee hore iyo dhismayaal hoose oo isku xidhan. Laakin taas marka lagu guuleysto daawaynta iyadoo la isticmaalayo SSRIs ama daawaynta dabeecadda hawshan sare waxay ku soo noqotaa heerarkii caadiga ahaa.  

Guud ahaan, waxaan ku aragnaa hypermetabolism xanuunka waswaaska ah (OCD). Heerka dheef-shiid kiimikaad oo kordhay ee bidixda orbital gyrus iyo laba geesoodka ah ee nuclei caudate. Laakiin taasi maahan in la yiraahdo ma jiraan wax ka kooban hypometabolism OCD. Waxa laga yaabaa in ay aad ugu xidhan tahay habka jirada iyo hawsha la isku dayo.

Glucose hypermetabolism ka dib waxaa lagu bedelay hypometabolism ee gudaha dhejiska xargaha xargaha (ACC). Tan waxaa loo maleynayaa inay dhacdo sababtoo ah ACC waxay ugu dambeyntii joojisaa fulinta hawlaha caadiga ah ee qaybtan maskaxda. Maxay ACC sidan u samaynaysaa? Sababtoo ah waxay dib ugu qaybisaa shaqooyinka dhismayaasha kale ee maskaxda sababtoo ah wareegga aan caadiga ahayn ee soo baxa muddada jirrada. Qaab dhismeedka maskaxdu waxay si adag oo xoog badan u xidhi doonaan halka ay hawlo korodhay. Maskaxdu waa balaastiig, taasoo la macno ah haddii ay jirto aag aad u xad-dhaaf ah waxay wax ka beddeli doontaa waxa maskaxdu ku xiran tahay iyo heerka ay tahay.

Caddaynta daraasadaha neuroimaging waxay muujinayaan in halka ay jirto hal wareeg oo firfircooninimo, waxaa jira wareeg labaad oo ah hypoactivity inta u dhaxaysa kortexka hore ee dorsolateral (dlPFC) iyo caudate dorsolateral bukaanka qaba OCD. Dhaqan-xumadaan waxaa loo maleynayaa inay hoosta ka xariiqday dabacsanaan la'aanta garashada iyo cilladaha shaqada fulinta ee lagu arko qiimeynta neuropsychological ee bukaannada OCD.

Sidaa darteed, mala-awaalka jira ayaa sheegaya in isku dheelitir la'aanta udhaxeysa 2-da wareegood ay tahay aasaaska aasaasiga ah ee OCD, maadaama OFC-da firfircooni ay abuurto jahwareer iyo qasbooyinkooda dhaqan ee la xidhiidha, halka shabakada fulinta ee hypoactive ay ka hortagto shakhsiga inuu u beddelo dabeecad cusub.

McGovern, RA, & Sheth, SA (2017). https://doi.org/10.3171/2016.1.JNS15601

Waxaan sidoo kale aragnaa in bukaannada OCD ay muujiyaan daciifnimada xusuusta shaqada ee laga yaabo inay la xiriirto gulukooska hypometabolism ee kiliyaha hore. Waxyeellooyinka xusuusta ee shaqeynaya waxaa ka mid ah ma aha oo kaliya in la isku dayo in la xasuusto waxyaabo muddo gaaban ah, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa ka mid ah dhibaatooyinka dhinaca muuqaalka iyo shaqada fulinta. Waxyeelladan ku jirta shaqada fulinta, kuwaas oo la xidhiidha hypometabolism maskaxda, waa qayb ka mid ah soo bandhigida calaamadaha. Si aan u yeelano xoogaa xakameyn ah fikradaheena, ama aan uga weecanno fikradahayaga fikradaha salka u ah cabsida iyo badbaadada, waa in aan yeelano shaqo fulineed oo wanaagsan oo maskaxda ah. Sababtan awgeed, waxaan ku doodi lahaa in hypometabolism ay tahay bartilmaameed ku habboon faragelinta neurobiological ee kuwa OCD.

Sidoo kale, ma arko bukaanno badan oo aan la qabin cudurrada kale. Macnaha, qaar badan oo ka mid ah bukaannadayda waxay qabaan waxa loo yaqaanno laba-cutubyo. Macnaha kaliya ma qabaan OCD, laakiin waxay qabaan cudurro kale oo maskaxeed oo la socda. Iyo hal cudur oo aan inta badan ku arko OCD waa niyad-jab. Niyad-jabka ayaa si joogto ah loo arkaa si uu u muujiyo wax badan oo ah hypometabolism maskaxda oo aan shaqaynayn. Qaybtan caanka ah ee loo yaqaan 'hypometabolism' ayaa si xoog leh ugu xidhan waxayna suurtogal tahay inay sababto soo bandhigida calaamadaha niyad-jabka guud ahaan, waxaana laga helaa kuwa qaba OCD-da.

Sida cuntada ketogenic u daaweyso hypometabolism ee maskaxda OCD

Laakin sug, waxaa laga yaabaa inaad tiraahdo. Maxaa ku saabsan meelaha kale ee hyperexcitability? Cunto ketogenic ah miyaanay dib u eegi doonin dhammaan kuwaas oo ka dhigi mayso wareeggaas (wareegga) maskaxda mid ka sii daraya?

Dhab ahaantii maya. Waa maxay sababtu?

Natiijooyinkayagu waxay soo jeedinayaan in xasillooni-darrada shabakada maskaxdu ay ka tarjumayso calaamadaha hore ee hypometabolism

Mujica-Parodi, LR, iyo al., (2020). Cuntadu waxay wax ka beddeshaa xasilloonida shabakada maskaxda, oo ah calaamad muujinaysa gabowga maskaxda, ee da'yarta qaangaarka ah. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32127481/

Sababtoo ah pathology ee hypometabolism maskaxda macnaheedu maaha in kicinta ay qasab tahay inay dhacdo isla sabab la mid ah. Cuntooyinka ketogenic waxay caawiyaan inay dhab ahaantii sameeyaan xasilinta shaqada maskaxda iyadoo la hareer maray mashiinada gacanta ee jabay taasoo keentay in unugu yeesho gulukoos hypometabolism. Sidoo kale, qaababka taageerada neuronal sida astrocytes waxay hagaajin karaan wax soo saarkooda ketone, abuurista tamar badan guud ahaan maskaxda. Waxaan wax badan ka baran doonaa astrocytes mar dambe.

Hoos-u-dhac ku yimaadda dhismayaasha qaarkood ee maskaxda ayaa aad ugu dhow sababtoo ah dheellitir la'aanta neurotransmitter marka loo eego gulukooska hypometabolism. Ma awooday inaan si sax ah u ogaado waxa keena hyperexcitability? Uma maleynayo in suugaantu ay ogtahay si hubaal ah marka laga reebo marka neerfayaasha ay la halgamaan tamarta ama shaqada, hyperexcitability ayaa dhici karta. Waxaan aragnaa isku dheelitir la'aanta neurotransmitter ee keena hyperexcitability waxaanan ognahay in bararka aan la xakameynin uu dhaawici karo tamarta unugyada wuxuuna sababi karaa meelaha hypometabolism.

Laakiin sababta oo ah cuntada ketogenic ma aha faragelin ku saabsan hal qayb oo ka mid ah cudurrada dhimirka, sida daawaynta cilmi-nafsiga ee badani ay yihiin, hagaajinta isticmaalka tamarta ee hal qaab-dhismeedka hypometabolic ma keenayso in mid kale uu u soo baxo hab cabsi leh.

Caddaynta dhawaanahan waxay soo jeedinaysaa in beddelidda dheef-shiid kiimikaad ee cuntada ketogenic ay awood u siiso xaalad homeostatic ee maskaxda oo aan farxad lahayn.

Masino, SA, & Rho, JM (2019). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC6281876/

Xusuusnow? Faragelintani waxay ku shaqeysaa ugu yaraan afar arrimood oo khaldan (iyadoo in yar oo kale lagu tuuray laga yaabo inaan ka wada hadalno dhamaadka), iyo hagaajinta hal nidaam uma eka inay dheellitirnaan la'aan ama ay saameyn xun ku yeelato kuwa kale. Cuntada ketogenic waxay u muuqataa inay si buuxda ula shaqeyso dhammaan hababka faragelinta ee ku lug leh.

Isku dheelitir la'aanta OCD iyo Neurotransmitter

Isku dheelitir la'aanta neerfayaasha ee aan ku aragno OCD waxaa ka mid ah neurotransmitters, oo ay ku jiraan serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, iyo GABA.

Isku dheelitir la'aanta Serotonin ayaa door firfircoon ka ciyaarta OCD. Si aad u badan oo ugu yaraan kala badh leh OCD waxay hagaajiyaan daawooyinka ka taga serotonin badan oo laga heli karo synapses (SSRIs) si ay u isticmaalaan neerfayaasha. Waxaa jira sababo badan oo ay maskaxdu u samayn waydo serotonin ku filan. Qaarkood kuma filna isku-xidhayaal ku filan sida birta, fiitamiin D, ama B6, iyo suurtogalnimada in aanay ku filnayn horudhacyada amino acid (Vegans iyo kuwa cuna cuntooyin aad loo warshadeeyey oo aad u badan, waan kula hadlayaa). Laakiin gudaha OCD la'aanta serotonin waxaa loo maleynayaa inay abuurto dhibaatooyin ku saabsan waswaaska. Iyo marka aan daaweyno dadka qaarkiis ee qaba SSRIs waxay waswaashoodu hoos u dhacaan xoojinta iyo soo noqnoqda. Laakin uma shaqeyso qof walba.

Faa'iidooyinka kiliinikada ee serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) ee la xushay waxay saameyn ku yeesheen serotonin, laakiin faham cad oo ku saabsan doorka ay ku leedahay calaamadaha bilawga, sii xumeynta, iyo xallinta ayaa weli ah mid adag.

Lissemore, JI, iyo al. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57231-0_13

In kasta oo aynaan fahmin sababta ay tani uga dhacdo OCD, is-afgaradku wuxuu u muuqdaa inuu yahay in dhaqdhaqaaqa serotonergic hooseeya uu beddelo jawaabta kortex ee orbitofrontal iyo in dadka OCD ay tahay in lagu daweeyo serotonin agonist. Maxaa dhacaya haddii ay jirto hab lagu soo saaro falcelinta jireed ee door ka dheellitirka serotonin taas oo ahayd ma agonist serotonin qaab daawo ah?

Marka aan qiimeyno nidaamyada neurotransmitter ee dopamine ee bukaannada qaba OCD waxaan u muuqannaa inaan aragno dhibaatooyinka soo-dhoweynta dopamine (D2). Laakiin ma aragno xidhiidh weyn oo ka dhexeeya shaqada soo-dhowaynta D2 ee khaldan iyo darnaanta cudurka. Ugu yaraan aan si joogto ah suugaanta. Laakiin waxaan ognahay in dopamine ay ku lug leedahay sababtoo ah, daraasad fMRI farmashiye ah oo ku saabsan xoojinta barashada, isticmaalka dopamine reseptor antagonists ee qaba xanuunka waswaaska ah (OCD) waxay arkeen faa'iido daweyn oo lama filaan ah.

Mid ka mid ah nidaamka neurotransmitter ee u muuqda inuu muhiim u yahay OCD waa inta u dhaxaysa glutamate iyo GABA. Glutamate waa neurotransmitter kacsan oo muhiim u ah shaqada maskaxda ee caadiga ah, laakiin marka dheelitirnaanta ay ka baxdo waxay noqon kartaa neurotoxic. Waxa sida ugu fiican loogu sifeeyaa baallaha gaaska. GABA waa neurotransmitter-ka-hortagga, guud ahaanna waxaan u maleyneynaa GABA inay tahay qabow, dareen-wanaagsan, oo aan culeys lahayn nooca neurotransmitter marka ay dheelitiran tahay. GABA waxa loo malayn karaa sida biriiga oo kale. Labaduba waxay u baahan yihiin inay isku dheeli tiraan maskaxda si fiican u shaqaynaysa. Laakiin kuma aragno labadan isku dheeli tiran ee OCD.

Isku dheelitir la'aanta udhaxeysa nidaamyada glutamate iyo GABA neurotransmitter ee qaababka maskaxda qaarkood ayaa loo maleynayaa inay abuuraan dabeecadda dabeecadda soo noqnoqda ee calaamadaha xanuunka waswaaska ah (OCD). Cilmi-baarayaasha qaarkood waxay ku andacoonayaan in glutamatergic hyperactivity (samaynta glutamate aad u badan) oo la xiriirta dhaqdhaqaaqa xad-dhaafka ah ee waddooyinka qaarkood waxay hoos u dhigi karaan horumarinta OCD. Waxaan haynaa tiro daraasado xayawaan ah oo leh jiirar muujinaya tan iyo xitaa laba daraasadood oo aadanaha ah. Heerar sare oo glutamate ah ayaa laga helay labada daraasadood ee kuwa aan la daweynin ee la ildaran xanuunka waswaaska ah (OCD).

Waxaa jira caddayn sii kordheysa oo laga helayo daraasaadka neuroimaging, taas oo ku lug leh cillad la'aanta glutamatergic ee OCD. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, caddayntu way kala qaybsan tahay oo ku saabsan nooca saxda ah ee cilladda.

Karthik, S., Sharma, LP, & Narayanaswamy, JC (2020). Baarista doorka glutamate ee xanuunka waswaaska ah: aragtiyaha hadda jira. 
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pmc/articles/PMC7173854/

Ma fududa in ay si fudud u jirto “glutamate aad u badan” in kasta oo ay taasi ku dhici karto dhismayaasha maskaxda qaarkood. Waa arrin ku saabsan dheelitir la'aanta glutamate. Sababtoo ah waxaan sidoo kale ku aragnay caddaynta glutamate aad u yar oo ku jirta thalamus kuwa qaba OCD. Mar labaad, maskaxdu waa nidaam adag. In aan isku dayeyno in aan ku daweyno hal habab iyo faragelin si aan u gaarno dheelitirnaantaas. Iyo dad badan oo qaba OCD, tani uma shaqaynayso.

Heerarka hoose ee neurotransmitter GABA ayaa loo arkaa inay la xiriiraan darnaanta calaamadaha sare ee kuwa qaba xanuunka waswaaska ah (OCD). GABA hoose waxa ay u muuqataa in ay ka jirto kiliyaha hore ee cingulate rostral, kaas oo loo malaynayo in uu kaalin ku leeyahay cilladaha xakameynta garashada ee aan ku aragno OCD (tusaale, fikradaha rumining).

Falanqaynta-meta ee daraasadaha neuroimaging ee la sameeyay 2021, waxaa lagu ogaaday inay jiraan hoos u dhac ku yimid D2 reseptors (dopamine), qaatayaasha GABA, iyo 5-HT reseptors (serotonin). Natiijooyinka noocaan ah ee ku saabsan hababka neurotransmitter-ka ee OCD waxay bixiyaan caddayn ku filan inay cilladi ku jirto dheellitirka neurotransmitter. Miyaanay faragelin la muujiyay si loo hagaajiyo dheellitirka neurotransmitter, ee dhowr hab oo neurotransmitter ah, oo ka soo horjeeda hal ama laba kaliya, ma noqon doonto mid u qalma in laga hadlo daaweynta xanuunka waswaaska ah (OCD)?

waxaan dhihi lahaa haa Ka doodista cuntada ketogenic si ay u dheelitirto neurotransmitters (oo aan ahayn mid ka mid ah willy-nilly) ayaa hubaal ah in la dammaanad qaadayo.

Sida cuntada ketogenic u daaweyso dheellitir la'aanta neurotransmitter ee maskaxda OCD

Jidhka Ketone waa jir tilmaamaya. Macnaha waxay shid iyo damiyaan hiddo-wadaha waxayna caawiyaan go'aaminta habab badan. Mid ka mid ah kuwan waa dheelitirka neurotransmitter. Tusaale ahaan, acetoacetate, hal nooc oo ketone ah ayaa awood u leh inuu joojiyo sii deynta glutamate ee neurons ee qaybo ka mid ah maskaxda laakiin waxay kor u qaadi doontaa gudbinteeda qaybaha kale ee u baahan oo doonaya. Ma qiyaasi kartaa in daawaynta cilmi-nafsiga ee farmasiga ay samaynayso taas? Awood u yeelashada inaad maskaxdaada ku caawiso inay si sax ah u isticmaasho goorta iyo meesha looga baahan yahay? Adigoon si uun khalkhal u gelin dhammaan saamiyada adoo isku dayaya in la xakameeyo inta la sameeyay, ama inta jeer ee ay ka soo baxdo synapses? Waxaan qabaa maya. Laakiin ketones ayaa taas samayn kara.

Ketones sidoo kale waxay sameeyaan saameyn loo arko kuwo aan toos ahayn. Sida ketones-ku u burburo, waxsoosaarkooda ayaa loo adeegsadaa nidaamyada nidaamiya isku-dhafka neurotransmitter. Saamayntan hoose waxay saameeyaan oo ay nidaamiyaan neurotransmitters glutamate iyo GABA. Waxaa jira wax soo saar yar guud ahaan glutamate ee kuwa ku jira cuntada ketogenic, waxaanan aragnaa GABA badan. Tusaale ahaan, carruurta ku jirta cuntada ketogenic ee suuxdintu waxay leeyihiin heerar ka sarreeya dareeraha maskaxda ee GABA marka loo eego kooxaha kantaroolka. Waxaan sidoo kale aragnaa kororka wanaagsan ee GABA marka la isticmaalayo spectroscopy magnetic resonance spectroscopy ee daraasaadka aadanaha.

Laakiin waxa ku saabsan glutamate? Hagaag, waxaan ognahay in hoos u dhac ku yimaada caabuqa neuroinflammation ee ku dhaca cuntada ketogenic ay wanaajiso deegaanka ay maskaxdu ka dhigto neurotransmitters. In kasta oo aan wax badan ka baran doono bararka dambe ee boostada blog, waxay ku habboon tahay halkan in la ogaado in marka maskaxdu bararto ay carqaladeyn karto wax soo saarka neurotransmitter caadiga ah. Taasna waxaa lagu arkay soo saarista glutamate, oo gaadhay ilaa 100x wax soo saarka glutamate oo ka badan inta caadiga ah ee maskaxda. Sida cad, tani waxay leedahay saameyn neurotoxic ah. Markaa miyayna fiicnaan lahayn haddii ay jirto hab lagu dheelli tiro nidaamkan neurotransmitter?

Ketones kaliya waxay u dhacaan inay kor u qaadaan beddelka glutamate ee GABA, taas oo ay u badan tahay inay tahay qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah saameynta dheelitirka ee aan aragno marka dadku qaataan cunto ketogenic ah. Sida serotonin iyo dopamine, waxaan aragnaa dheellitirka saameynta neurotransmitters-ka sidoo kale leh cuntada ketogenic. Waxaan aragnaa kor u kaca serotonin iyo dheellitirka dopamine. Waxaan sidoo kale aragnaa shaqada xuubabka unugga oo aad loo hagaajiyay, taas oo hagaajin doonta sida wanaagsan ee neerfayaashaas ay u wada xiriiraan oo ay u isticmaalaan neurotransmitters-ka la sameeyay. Waxaad wax yar ka baran kartaa arrintan halkan.

Cuntooyinka ketogenic ayaa bixiya xasilinta xuubka neuronal. Cuntooyinka ketogenic waxay kordhiyaan qaddarka iyo ficillada ATP iyo adenosine. ATP (loo baahan yahay tamar) iyo adenosine waxay muhiim u yihiin xasilloonida dheef-shiid kiimikaadka. Adenosine, gaar ahaan, ayaa si fiican loogu yaqaanaa inuu yahay neuroprotective oo kor u qaada homeostasis (dheellitirka), xasilinta awoodda xuubka unugyada, taas oo aad u baahan tahay si aad u sameyso qadarka saxda ah ee neurotransmitters, u ogolow inay joogaan wakhtiga saxda ah, una ogolow inay la jabiyo marka la rabo. Ma jiro dheellitir guul leh oo neurotransmitters ah iyada oo aan shaqeyn xuubka unugyada caafimaadka qaba.

Waxaan sii wadi karaa oo ku saabsan sida aynaan u haysan daawooyinka nafsaaniga ah ee OCD, ama xanuunada kale, kuwaas oo tan dadka siiya si dheellitiran. Laakiin ma yeeli doono sababtoo ah taasi waxay noqon doontaa wax yar ka baxsan mawduuca waxayna u fiican tahay boostada blog mustaqbalka.

Qodobka aadka muhiimka u ah ee la xidhiidha akhristaha blog-kan, waa in cuntada ketogenic ay hagaajiso shaqada xuubabka neuronal waxayna u ogolaataa soo-qabayaashaada inay si fiican u shaqeeyaan. Waxa kale oo ay kaa caawinaysaa in aad kaydiso cofactors, wanaajisaa awoodda xuubka, iyo marti faa'iidooyin kale oo togan maskaxda oo aan hadda u arkin in lagu xayeysiiyo inay suurtogal tahay cilmi nafsiga.

OCD iyo neuroinflammation

Caabuqa waa hab lagu dhaawaco ama lagugu weeraro si uun, jidhkaaguna wuxuu isku dayaa inuu saxo. Waxa kale oo ay tan ku samaysaa maskaxda. Maskaxda gudaheeda, caabuqa neerfaha ayaa ku dhici kara sababtoo ah waxyaalaha ka gudba xannibaadda dhiigga-maskaxda ee qulqulaya, unugyada neerfayaasha oo aan haysan firfircooni tamar ku filan oo ay naftooda ku ilaashadaan, ama microglial oo isku dayaya inay kuu soo samatabbixiyaan qaab firfircoonida nidaamka difaaca. Caabuqa joogtada ah iyo xanuunka neerfaha, gaar ahaan, ayaa lagu arkaa baaritaannada dhimirka oo ay ku jiraan niyad-jabka iyo walaaca, iyo arrimaha neerfaha sida waallida. Markaa waa inaan la yaab nagu noqonin inaan ogaano in OCD ay leedahay qayb weyn oo barar ah.

OCD waxay la xiriirtaa bararka heerka hoose, unugyada unugyada neerfaha, iyo neuro-bararka iyo xanuunada difaaca jirka

Gerentes, M., Pelissolo, A., Rajagopal, K., Tamouza, R., & Hamdani, N. (2019). Xanuunka waswaaska ah: difaaca jirka iyo xanuunka neuroinflammation. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-019-1062-8

Inkasta oo qaar badan oo ka mid ah daraasadaha lagu ogaanayo bararka sare ee kuwa qaba xanuunka waswaaska ah (OCD) loo tixgeliyo urur ahaan (waxaa jira xiriir lala yeesho mid ka mid ah kan kale marar badan), waxaa jira caddayn ku filan oo soo jeedinaya in uu jiro door ku jira pathogenesis. (sida uu cudurku ku bilaabmo) ee OCD. Waxaa jira caddayn ku filan oo barar ah oo leh doorka sababa ah in ay jirto dood ku jirta suugaanta oo soo jeedinaysa daawooyinka ka hortagga bararka in la sameeyo iyo dib-u-celinta daaweynta immunomodulatory si loo daaweeyo OCD.

Taasina waa igu filan tahay aniga. Haddii caabuqu yahay qayb ka mid ah OCD markaas waxaan u baahanahay inaan daawno. Markaa aan kuu sheego wax ku saabsan saamaynta aadka u daran ee ka hortagga bararka ee cuntada ketogenic.

Sida cuntada ketogenic u daweyso caabuqa dadka qaba OCD

Cuntooyinka ketogenic waxay yareeyaan caabuqa neuroinflammation siyaabo kala duwan

• waxay yaraynaysaa waxyeelada oksaydhka (waxan waxbadan ka baran doonaa dhawaan)
• dheef-shiid kiimikaad tamarta neerfaha oo hagaagtay (xusuusnow hypometabolism sare?)
• Saamaynta epigenetic sida jidhka calaamadeeya ee beddela ama demiya dariiqyada caabuqa (dami oo dami hiddo-wadaha!)
• saamayn togan ku microbiome mindhicirka taas oo yaraynaysa bararka

Cuntooyinka ketogenic waxay yareeyaan bararka siyaabahaas oo dhan. Ketones, oo laga soo saaro jidhka inta lagu jiro cuntada ketogenic, waa waxa aan ugu yeerno molecules calaamadaha. Unugyada calaamaduhu waxay dami karaan hiddo-wadaha qaar iyo hiddo-wadaha qaarkood, iyo xaaladda caabuqa, tallaabadani waxay aad ugu habboon tahay caabuqa YAR. Cunto ketogenic ah ayaa bixisa shuruudaha ay muujinta wanaagsani ku dhici karto. Laakin sidoo kale waa istaraatijiyad cunto oo yaraysa ama meesha ka saaraysa dhibaatooyinka hyperglycemia.

Waxaad yeelan kartaa marxalado hyperglycemia xitaa haddii aadan lahayn sonkorow. Marka aad leedahay hyperglycemia waxay u saamaysaa unugyada difaaca si ay u keento barar badan. Ma samaynaysid ketones haddii aad cunayso karbohaydraytyo badan oo keenaya hyperglycemia, sababtoo ah hyperglycemia waxay ka dhigan tahay inaad sare u kacday insulinta, ketonesna laguma samayn xaaladahaas.

Markaa cunista cunto ketogenic ah si loo daweeyo OCD-gaaga waxay kaa qaadi doontaa caabuqa dhacaya marka la cunayo cunto American ah oo ka sarreysa karbohaydraytyada iyo cuntooyinka warshadaysan. Waxay sidoo kale hoos u dhigi doontaa bararka iyadoo la isticmaalayo ketones-ka aad dhaliso iyo helitaanka nafaqeeyayaalka yar yar ee la hagaajiyay ee xulashadaada cuntada adoo cunaya cunto ketogenic si fiican loo habeeyey.

Sababtoo ah waxaynu ka hadlaynaa sida shay u saameeyaan kan kale, waa wakhti ku habboon in lagu daro xigashada hoose. Waxay qabataa shaqo wanaagsan oo muujinaysa sida hal hab oo loo wajaho caafimaadka dhimirka oo aan ahayn hab dabiici ah aanu waligii ugu filnayn fayoobaanta.

Daraasadihii ugu dambeeyay waxay muujinayaan in hababka caabuqa iyo cillad la'aanta nidaamka difaaca ay u badan tahay inay door ka ciyaaraan pathophysiology ee OCD, taas oo muujinaysa in khalkhalka ku jira neurotransmitters sida serotonin iyo dopamine aan kaligeed ku lug yeelan karin horumarinta OCD.

Ghasemi, H., Nomani, H., Sahebkar, A., & Mohammadpour, AH (2020). https://doi.org/10.2174/1570180817999200520122910

Daawaynta xanuunka waswaaska ah (OCD) iyadoo la isticmaalayo cunto ketogenic sidoo kale waxay wanaajisaa shaqada habka difaaca jirka. Sida aan ku aragno xigashada kor ku xusan, habka bararka waxaa horseeda qayb ka mid ah habdhiska difaaca oo aan shaqayn. Cilmi-baaristu waxay si xooggan u soo jeedisay in habka difaaca jirka uu si weyn ugu fiicnaado cuntada ketogenic. Saamaynta cuntada ketogenic ee shaqada difaaca ayaa aad u wanaagsan in maqaal dhowaan la soo jeediyay in loogu isticmaalo COVID-19 sida daawaynta ka hortagga ah. Waxay u badan tahay in hagaajinta shaqada habka difaaca ay noqon karto qalab lagu dhimo bararka ka jira maskaxda kuwa qaba xanuunka waswaaska ah (OCD). Qof qaba OCD ayaa laga yaabaa inuu rabo inuu u isticmaalo cuntada ketogenic ujeedadan oo ah beddelka daawada.

OCD iyo Cadaadiska Oxidative

Cadaadiska Oxidative wuxuu dhacaa marka awoodda maskaxdu ay isku ilaalinayso ama ay iskaga difaaci weydo weerarada. Tani waxay ka dhici kartaa bakhaarrada nafaqeeyayaalka yar yar ee aan ku filnayn, jawaabaha hab-dhiska difaaca, ama sunta oo ka dhigta xannibaad dhiig-maskaxeed oo dillaacsan. Sababo aan la tirin karin runtii. Inaad noolaato oo keliya waxay abuurtaa walbahaarka oksaydhka. Waxaa jira jaantus heersare ah oo muujinaya arrimo kala duwan oo la xidhiidha diiqada oksaydhka halkan (runtii runtii way fiicantahay, iska hubi).

Laakiin maskaxda iyo jidhka caafimaadka qaba ayaa awood u leh inay la dagaallamaan weerarradan iyaga oo isticmaalaya wax soo saarka antioxidant noo gaar ah. Laakiin dadka qaba xanuunka waswaaska, waxa cad in tani aanay ku dhacayn heer ku filan.

Daraasadihii ugu dambeeyay waxay muujiyeen waxqabadyo badan oo dheef-shiid kiimikaad bilaash ah iyo daciifnimada nidaamka difaaca antioxidant ee OCD.

Baratzadeh, F., Elyasi, S., Mohammadpour, AH, Salari, S., & Sahebkar, A. (2021). Doorka Antioxidants ee Maareynta Xanuunka Wasaska ah. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6661514

Cadaadiska Oxidative-ku wuxuu leeyahay doorka xooggan ee OCD, dooddaas ayaa laga sameeyay isticmaalka daawaynta antioxidant ee daaweynteeda. Laakiin waxa dad badan aysan tixgelineynin waa doorka ketones ee ka caawinta dadka inay awoodaan inay isticmaalaan hababka antioxidant-ka ee jirka. Haddaba bal aan ka doodno tan xigta.

Sidee bay cuntada ketogenic u daawaysaa diiqada oksaydhka ee kuwa qaba OCD?

Hagaag, aan eegno jaantuska aan kugula taliyay inaad horay u sii eegto. Aad bay u fiican tahay in aan la isticmaalin sharraxaaddayada.

Waxaan horeyba uga ognahay daraasadaheena in cuntooyinka ketogenic ay hagaajiyaan mitochondria iyo shaqada mitochondrial. Markaa waxaan ognahay in cuntada ketogenic ay joojinayso cilladda mitirka ee aan ku aragno shaxanka taas oo ah arrin sababa walbahaarka oksaydhka.

Maxay sameeyaan mitochondria?

Waxaan sidoo kale baranay sida cuntada ketogenic u wanaajiso shaqada xuubabka neerfaha. Waxaan ku aragnaa jaantuskan sida daciifnimada shaqada xuubabka neerfaha ay uga qayb qaadato cadaadiska oksaydhka. Markaa cuntada ketogenic waxay si aad ah uga ilaalin kartaa qodobkan wax ku kordhinaya cadaadiska oksaydhka inuu dhaco meesha ugu horeysa.

Waxaan ka wada hadalnay sida ketones ay u muujinayaan jirka, kuwaas oo awood u leh inay hoos u dhigaan bararka iyagoo saameyn aad u faa'iido leh u leh waddooyinka caabuqa. Tani maaha malo dhankayga ah. Waxay ku jirtaa suugaanta waxaana lagu bixiyaa ilaa xad liiska tixraaca ee hoose. Cuntooyinka ketogenic waa faragelin xoog leh oo bararka. Oo haddii aan hoos u dhigi karno bararka, waxaan hoos u dhignaa cadaadiska oksaydhka ee aan ku aragno maskaxda OCD.

Dhammaan kuwan waa dhinacyo aad u xiiso badan waxayna muujinayaan in cuntooyinka ketogenic ay yihiin faragelin dhammaystiran oo aad u xoog badan, oo shaqaynaysa. Laakiin qaybta shaxanka ee aan jeclahay in aan diiradda saaro marka aan dadka barayo walaaca oksaydhka iyo saamaynta ay ku leedahay cudurrada dhimirku waxay khusaysaa sanduuqan halkan:

Waxaan si adag u aaminsanahay awoodda endogenous (jidhkaagu wuu sameeyaa, ma cunin ama ma liqin si kaabis ahaan ah) antioxidants. Midka ugu awoodda badan ee aad sameyso, xaaladaha saxda ah, waa glutathione. Glutathione waa antioxidant aad u awood badan ketones-ku waxay door ka ciyaaraan awoodda jidhkaaga si uu u sameeyo oo u isticmaalo si wanaagsan.

Ketones waxay leeyihiin tayada neuroprotective kuwaas oo farageliya samaynta noocyada oxidant fal-celin ah oo abuura walbahaarka oksaydhka waxayna sidoo kale qalab u yihiin dheellitirka dheef-shiid kiimikaadka tamarta si ay ugu roonaato burburinta alaabooyinka oksaydhka iyadoo la adeegsanayo glutathione.

Cunto ketogenic ah oo si fiican loo qaabeeyey sidoo kale waa nafaqo-cufan waxayna kuu ogolaan doontaa inaad labadaba kordhiso oo aad kaydiso (sabato ah shaqada xuubabka oo hagaagtay) nafaqooyinka yaryar ee loo baahan yahay si loo sameeyo glutathione meesha ugu horeysa.

Ma heshaa

Uma baahnid inaad cuntid khudaarta iyo miraha midabka qaanso-roobaadka ama aad qaadatid fitamiin C ama E badan. Waxaad heli kartaa cunto nafaqo leh oo hodan ku ah taasoo siisa dhismooyinka dhismaha si aad u abuurto antioxidant-ka ugu awoodda badan ee aan naqaanno, ee jirkaaga. , ka dibna isticmaal ketones si aad u furto awooddooda.

Waxayna tani kaa caawin kartaa inaad la dagaallanto iyo/ama gebi ahaanba baabi'iso walbahaarka oksaydhka ee hadda ka sii daraya calaamadahaaga xanuunka waswaaska ah.

Waa maxay siyaabaha kale ee cuntooyinka ketogenic u caawiyaan OCD?

Cuntooyinka ketogenic waxay wax badan u qabtaan maskaxda dhibban, iyo gaar ahaan maskaxda OCD. Laakiin waxaa jirta arrin kale oo runtii mudan in la sheego.

Ketones-ku waxay hagaajiyaan maskaxda ka soo jeeda neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Maxay tani muhiim ugu tahay qofka qaba OCD? Hagaag, waxaa jira sababo badan. Laakiin marka hore, aan ku bilowno in aan nidhaahno qayb ka mid ah saamaynta daweynta ee dadka qaarkiis u arkaan isticmaalka SSRIs ee OCD waa in daroogooyinkani ay xoogaa kordhiyaan BDNF. Waxaan u isticmaalnaa dhaawacyada maskaxda ee dhaawaca ah sababtan awgeed. Ma u hagaajin doonaan sida ugu badan ee cuntada ketogenic? U malayn maayo laakiin ma hayo xog aan ku taageero ama ku beeniyo malahaas. Waxaan halkan ku sheegay sababtoo ah waxaan rabaa inaad fahanto in BDNF ay tahay qalab ka soo kabanaya xanuunka waswaaska ah (OCD).

BDNF waa waxa kaa caawin doona inaad dib ugu habayso dhismayaasha maskaxda siyaabo cusub oo caafimaad leh. BDNF waa waxa kaa caawin doona sida ugu wanaagsan ee aad uga faa'iidaysan lahayd shaqada ka hortagga-soo-gaadhista (ERP) ee aad la samaynayso daaweeyahaaga. Ma u baahan tahay inaad barato habab cusub oo fikir iyo ahaansho markaad samaynayso daaweynta dabeecadda garashada ee OCD kaaga? BDNF ayaa loo baahan yahay. Ketones-ku aad ayay ugu fiican yihiin kordhinta xaddiga BDNF ee maskaxdaada, taas oo kaliya ku caawin karta oo haddana ah hab kale oo cuntooyinka ketogenic ay u noqon karaan dhammaystirka shaqada teraabiyada cilminafsiga. Markaa halka BDNF aysan ahayn mid ka mid ah afarta arrimood ee aan sida caadiga ah wax uga qoro markaan ka hadlayo cuntooyinka ketogenic sida daaweynta jirrooyinka dhimirka, waxay u qalantaa xus xoogan oo sharaf leh.

Ugu Dambeyn

Waa rajadayda dhabta ah inaad bilowdo inaad aragto sida dhammaan qaybaha ficilka ee cuntada ketogenic ay u wada shaqeeyaan. Taas oo aad heshay faham ah in caabuqa neuroinflammation ee soo fiicnaaday ay yarayso cadaadiska oksaydhka. Cadaadiska oksaydhiyuhu oo yaraada waxa ay wanaajisaa deegaanka ay maskaxdu samaynayso oo ay isku dheelitirto gudbiyaasha waxaanay wanaajisaa hawlaha xuubabka ee muhiimka ah. Taas oo aad hadda fahamtay in hoos u dhaca neuroinflammation iyo cadaadiska oksaydhiyuhu ay la macno tahay in ay jiraan nafaqooyin yar oo yaraaday, iyo horudhacyaal badan oo la heli karo si loo sameeyo waxyaabo muhiim ah, sida samaynta enzymes iyo neurotransmitters. Waxaan rajeynayaa inay caddahay in neerfayaasha tamarta ee la hagaajiyay ay helaan cunto ketogenic ah oo u oggolaanaysa inay si fiican u shaqeeyaan guud ahaan. Iyo in tamarta la wanaajiyay ee unugyadan oo ay weheliso kor u qaadida BDNF waxay u oggolaanaysaa isla neerfayaasha inay sameeyaan ilaalinta guriga ee aasaasiga ah ee ay u baahan yihiin inay ku sii jiraan dayactir wanaagsan oo ay sameeyaan xidhiidho waxbarasho oo cusub.

Haddii aad wali isku dayeyso inaad barato farqiga u dhexeeya cadaadiska oksaydhiyaha iyo xanuunka neuroinflammation iyo sida ay ula xiriiraan, maqaalkan hoose waa mid waxtar leh!

Haddii Maskaxdaadu tahay Magaalo: Fahamka Cadaadiska Oxidative iyo Neuroinflammation

Mar labaad, ma jiraan tijaabooyin caafimaad oo la kala soocay oo weli la isticmaalayo cunto ketogenic si gaar ah loogu daweeyo xanuunka waswaaska ah (OCD). Waxaan kaliya ka saari karnaa faa'iidooyinka suurtagalka ah ee dadkan iyadoo lagu salaynayo natiijooyinka lagu arkay xanuunnada kale ee maskaxda iyo neerfaha. Waxaan u furnaan karnaa fikradda ah in faragelinta la arko si loo yareeyo walbahaarka oksaydhka ee hal ama dad badan oo kala duwan, labadaba noocyada xayawaanka iyo bini'aadamka, ayaa laga yaabaa inay si guul leh u sameeyaan OCD. Waa inaan ugu yaraan ka wada hadalnaa suurtogalnimada iyo ka sii muhiimsan, waxaan ku ogeysiineynaa suurtogalnimadaas. Markaa waxaad samayn kartaa go'aamada daawaynta ugu fiican ee macno kuu leh!

Waxaan rabaa inaan kugu dhiirigeliyo inaad wax badan ka barato doorashooyinkaaga daawaynta mid ka mid ah kuwan soo socda posts blog. Waxaan wax uga qoraa habab kala duwan siyaalo kala duwan oo tafatiran oo laga yaabo inaad ku caawiso inaad wax ka barato safarkaaga fayoobida. Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad ku raaxaysato Daraasadaha Kiis Ketogenic bogga si aad u barato sida kuwa kale u isticmaaleen cuntada ketogenic si ay u daweeyaan jirrooyinka dhimirka ee shaqadayda. Waxaana laga yaabaa inaad ka faa'iidaysato fahamka sida la shaqaynta lataliyaha caafimaadka dhimirka marka aad u gudbayso cuntada ketogenic ay waxtar u yeelan karto halkan.

La wadaag qoraalkan baloogga ah ama kuwa kale asxaabta iyo qoyska la ildaran xanuunka dhimirka. Dadku ha ogaadaan inay rajo jirto.

Wax badan oo aniga igu saabsan ayaad baran kartaa halkan.

Waxaa laga yaabaa inaad ka faa'iidaysato barnaamijkayga khadka tooska ah ee loogu talagalay inuu ku baro sida loo hirgeliyo cunto ketogenic ah, u sameyso qiimeynta nafaqadaada si aad u shakhsiyeyso kaabistaada oo aad u hesho tababar caafimaad oo shaqeynaya.

Barnaamijka Soo kabashada Ceerfaha Maskaxda

Runtii waxaan aaminsanahay inaad xaq u leedahay inaad ogaato dhammaan siyaabaha aad ku dareemi karto fiicnaan.

Ma jeceshahay waxa aad ka akhrinayso blog-ka? Ma doonaysaa inaad wax ka barato webinars-ka soo socda, koorsooyinka, iyo xataa waxay bixiyaan taageero iyo la shaqaynta xagga yoolalkaaga fayoobi? Saxiix!

https://mentalhealthketo.com/free-ebook/

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tixraacyada

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Asl, MA, Asgari, P., & Bakhti, Z. (2021). Hababka daawaynta ee ku salaysan xogta Neuroscientific ee bukaanada qaba xanuunka waswaaska ah. Joornaalka Caalamiga ah ee Neuroscience Clinical, 8(3), 107-117.

Attwells, S., Setiawan, E., Wilson, AA, Rusjan, PM, Mizrahi, R., Miler, L., Xu, C., Richter, MA, Kahn, A., Kish, SJ, Houle, S. , Ravindran, L., & Meyer, JH (2017). Caabuqa ku dhaca Neurocircuitry ee xanuunka waswaaska ah. Jaamicadda Maskaxda, 74(8), 833. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.1567

Bannon, S., Gonsalvez, CJ, Croft, RJ, & Boyce, PM (2006). Hawlaha fulinta ee xanuunka waswaaska ah: Gobolka ama cilladaha dabeecadda? Qoraalka Australiyaanka iyo New Zealand ee Maqalxumada, 40(11-12), 1031-1038. https://doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01928.x

Batistuzzo, MC, Sottili, BA, Shavitt, RG, Lopes, AC, Cappi, C., Mathis, MA de, Pastorello, B., Diniz, JB, Silva, RMF, Miguel, EC, Hoexter, MQ, & Otaduy, MC (2021). Heerarka hoose ee Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Glutamate ee Bukaan-socodka Qaba Xanuunka Wasaska-Qasabka ah. Cudurka dhimirka ee maskaxda, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.668304

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